From target to delivery, the greatest risks to carbon, energy and resilience performance often emerge not in design, but in contracts, procurement and execution. This session explores the persistent gap between design intent and operational reality, examining why projects so often fail to deliver what was promised.

It will consider how contractual structures, value engineering and supply chain decisions can undermine performance targets, and how these risks can be better managed. The session will also address tracking and verifying outcomes through delivery, and the legal implications of supply chain due diligence, including sourcing decisions and embodied carbon claims, to ensure commitments are realised in practice.